Skutt KilnMaster Kilns Manufactured between 2000 and 200 Manuel d'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 18)

TYPE OF FIRING

This section gives you some useful tips for

various types of firings. Please keep this

information in mind as you program the

KilnMaster.

Venting.

The use of a positive flow downdraft kiln

ventilation system such as Skutt’s

EnviroVent pictured at right keeps the lid

down and all peep hole plugs in place

throughout the firing. This will provide

many benefits, such as:

• a healthy work environment by remov-

ing fumes from work area

• more even heat distribution from top to

bottom of kiln

• less color migration between glazes

• eliminates the necessity to lower the

kiln lid during firing

• improves the end firing results of red

glaze.

The most convenient feature is not having

to lower the kiln lid during firing.

Underglaze firing.

Greater detail can be preserved in conven-

tional and one-stroke underglaze decora-

tion if it is first set by an 019 firing before

glazing and then glaze firing. If the deco-

ration was applied directly to greenware,

the underglaze fire acts as the bisque, and

therefore should be a full Cone 04 firing.

Ceramic glaze firing.

Warning: Use only lead-free or lead-safe

glazes on any surface which may come in con-

tact with food or drink.

If your ware has been fired to Cone 03 or

04 and is properly glazed, dried, and

loaded, an 06 or 05 low glaze fire or 6 to 10

high fire will normally produce a flawless

surface. If not, consult the ware imperfec-

tions section of this manual.

Crystalline glazes often require special

firing to develop fully—including a soak-

ing period at slightly reduced heat after

maturity is reached. Experimentation is

generally needed to discover the correct

amount of soak time and correct soak

temperature for your glaze formulation.

Once your firing schedule is perfected,

store it in permanent memory in

Ramp/Hold mode.

“Greenglaze” one-fire ceramics

With the talc clay bodies and prepared

glazes available to the ceramist today,

some prefer to “one-fire” their ceramics. In

some instances you can satisfactorily glaze

a piece of greenware and complete it in a

single firing, maturing the clay body and

the glaze at the same time. However,

because there may always be residual

moisture in the clay body, persistent cra-

tering and pin holing may occur, as well

as off-color spots from impurities burning

out of the clay. Fire to at least Cone

05, or preferably to Cone 04.

Overglaze fires.

China paints. If fired too hot, fine detail

will be blurred. If fired too cool, china

pigments will not be absorbed into the

glaze and will quickly wear off. Fire until

the paints acquire a sheen similar to the

surrounding glaze. With practice, this can

be judged through the peephole. By set-

ting a group of guide cones, you can note

which cone is down when the sheen

matches, so you can program exactly to

this cone the next firing.

This temperature will vary over several

cones if widely different colors are used.

High quality will be achieved only by

applying and firing the higher tempera-

ture colors first, followed by lower tem-

perature ones. The required temperature

also varies with the softening temperature

of the parent surface.

For ceramic and porcelain articles other

than tableware, a single Cone 019 firing

will often be a good compromise.

Metallics (gold, platinum, copper, and

other). These will fire dull if applied too

sparingly, or if underfired. Overfiring,

particularly of larger areas, results in retic-

ulation or “crocking”—shrinkage of the

metal, leaving a network of glaze lines

exposed. Greater overfiring results first in

spotty, then total disappearance of metal

through vaporization. On ceramics and

porcelain start with Cone 019. Metallics

and green glaze are usually incompatible.

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Skutt KilnMaster Kilns Manufactured between 2000 and 200 Manuel d'utilisateur Page 18

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